Spring 2023 Hummingbird Sightings and Migration Map

The Urge to Migrate

Other Migration Maps

Interactive 2024 hummingbird migration map

View the animated 2023 hummingbird migration

Many hummingbirds spend the winter in Central America or Mexico, and migrate north to their breeding grounds in the southern United States as early as February, and to areas further north later in the spring.

Hummingbirds fly by day when nectar sources such as flowers are more abundant. Flying low allows the birds to see, and stop at, food supplies along the way. They are also experts at using tail winds to help reach their destination faster and by consuming less energy and body fat.

Research indicates a hummingbird can travel as much as 23 miles in one day. However, during migration as they cross the Gulf of Mexico they may cover up to 500 miles at a time. Their average speed in direct flight is in the range of 20-30mph, and up to three times that fast during courtship dives.

During migration, a hummingbird's heart beats up to 1,260 times a minute, and its wings flap 15 to 80 times a second. To support this high energy level, a hummingbird will typically gain 25-40% of their body weight before they start migration in order to make the long trek over land, and water.

The first arrivals in spring are usually males. Some, however, do not migrate, in areas like California and the upper Pacific coast, the southern United States, and some along the southern Atlantic Ocean areas.

Highlights of 2023 Migration Activity

We typically track the spring hummingbird migration from late-January into May of each year, with the help of our viewers as they submit their first hummingbird sightings in their areas.

Policies for Reporting Sightings

Here are some points and policies to note about the posting of reports on our migration map:

We do not publish names or e-mail addresses or exact physical address on our map, just a city and state, and sighting details. Sightings posted to the map do not represent exact locations, addresses or coordinates; sightings are often placed on the map near center-city. In situations where multiple sightings are reported for a single location, only one sighting will be placed on the map. Sightings are not posted immediately, but normally within several days. Priority is given to posting sightings along the leading edge of the migration. Due to the volume of sightings reported, our limited staff, and our inability to fit all sightings on our map, WE ARE NOT ABLE TO POST EVERY REPORT.

 

2023 Hummingbird Spring Migration Map Zoom / pan map for more detail, and click on icons for sighting info Click on this icon below to see a list of sightings for 2023

Ruby-throated    Rufous     Black-chinned     Anna's     Allen's Costa's     Calliope     Blue-throated     Broad-billed       Broad-tailed Buff-bellied      Rivoli's     Other/Unknown

Map of 2023 Over-Winter and Year-Round Hummingbird Sightings

Need help clearing the map? -- Instructions on How to Clear the Migration Map (PDF)

 

More About the Spring Hummingbird Migration

During migration, a hummingbird's heart beats up to 1,260 times a minute, and its wings flap 15 to 80 times a second. To support this high energy level, a hummingbird will typically gain 25-40% of their body weight before they start migration in order to make the long trek over land, and water. They fly alone, often on the same path they have flown earlier in their life. Young hummingbirds must navigate without parental guidance.

Hummingbirds fly by day when nectar sources such as flowers are more abundant. Flying low allows the birds to see, and stop at, food supplies along the way. They are also experts at using tail winds to help reach their destination faster and by consuming less energy and body fat. Research indicates a hummingbird can travel as much as 23 miles in one day.

Strong cold fronts moving south over the Gulf make flying difficult as the birds deal with headwinds and heavy rain, over long distances with no shelter. Food is non-existent over the open waters.

Read more details about hummingbird migration

The Fall Hummingbird Migration

By August and September, hummingbirds are moving south, refueling their bodies in the early morning, traveling midday, and foraging again in the late afternoon to maintain their body weight.

Ruby-throats gather in Florida, Louisiana and along the South Texas coast in September in preparation for the final push to the south, either over the Gulf of Mexico or via an overland route through Mexico. The Rufous hummingbirds head south, most via the eastern range of the Rocky Mountains. Read more about the fall migration of hummingbirds

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